Morbidity and mortality of extremely premature newborns at a referral center in Medellín, Colombia during the 2014–2019 period
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Abstract
Introduction: The increase in survival in children born preterm in recent decades is due to scientific advances and the training of health personnel. Objective: To estimate morbidity and mortality in extremely preterm newborns and to evaluate the association between early gestational age and birth weight on intrahospital mortality in a reference center in Medellín, Colombia. Methodology: An analytical observational study, including extremely preterm newborns (24/0 to 27/6 weeks gestational age) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of a reference center in Medellín, Colombia, between 2014 and 2019. Demographic variables, Clinics, and outcomes at discharge were taken from retrospective medical records. The effect of gestational age and weight on mortality was evaluated through logistic regression. Results: The most frequently found gestational age was 26 weeks (39 %), median birth weight was 790 grams (440 - 1190). Among the survivors, morbidity at discharge was 95%, and the most frequent complication was bronchopulmonary dysplasia, with 85 %. Mortality was 48%; A significant association was found between mortality and gestational age of 24 weeks (OR = 10.5 95% CI = 1.1 - 103.5) and birth weight less than 750 grams (OR = 5.9 95% CI = 2.1 – 16.2). Conclusions: Mortality in highly premature neonates continues to be high and is inversely related to gestational age and birth weight; there is a high proportion of morbidity in the survivors.
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