Attachment: clinical, neurobiological, and genetic implications

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Jhon Camacho Cruz
Luz Dary Castañeda-Gutiérrez
Antonio José Serna Ramírez
Ana María Garavito Acuña
Natalia Alexandra Gordillo Guerrero
Karla Valentina Rodríguez Muñoz
Daniela Lucia Espitia Esquivel
Melissa Alejandra Rodríguez Martínez
Angie Lizeth Cedano Nova
Santiago Martínez Valero
Laura Alejandra Méndez Benítez
Jaime Nicolás Nieto Aldana
Natalia Castillo

Abstract

Introduction: The term attachment in the medical community is little known; however, it plays a critical role in human development since it determines the psychological and emotional characteristics of infants regarding their personality and the consolidation of their interpersonal relationships. Objective: To carry out a narrative review of the types of attachment, clinical associations, and genetic and neurobiological bases of forming a secure and insecure attachment. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in databases and academic journals covering the COMT, SLC6A4 - 5 HTTLPR, DRD4, DRD2, and OXTR genes. Results: Insecure attachment was found to be a risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms, psychosis spectrum disorders, suicidal thoughts and attempts, a higher proportion of attention deficit, and long-term use of psychoactive substances. Conclusions: documented genetic variations do not allow establishing a direct relationship with the type of attachment developed and its consequences. All genetic variations have a more significant influence if accompanied by adverse environmental factors, such as exposure to insensitive mothers, and other environmental factors, such as adverse childhood experiences.

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How to Cite
Camacho Cruz, J., Castañeda-Gutiérrez , L. D., Serna Ramírez , A. J., Garavito Acuña, A. M., Gordillo Guerrero, N. A., Rodríguez Muñoz, K. V., … Castillo , N. . (2022). Attachment: clinical, neurobiological, and genetic implications. Pediatría, 54(4), 135–145. https://doi.org/10.14295/rp.v54i4.335
Section
Originals
Author Biographies

Jhon Camacho Cruz, Instructor asociado, Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia. Hospital de San José (HSJ) - Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá.

Instructor asociado, Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia. Hospital de San José (HSJ) - Sociedad de Cirugía de Bogotá.

Luz Dary Castañeda-Gutiérrez , Docente investigador asistente, Instituto de Investigación, Grupo de Ciencias Básicas-CBS- FUCS, Facultad de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud. Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Docente investigador asistente, Instituto de Investigación, Grupo de Ciencias Básicas-CBS- FUCS, Facultad de Medicina, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud. Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Antonio José Serna Ramírez , Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Ana María Garavito Acuña, Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Natalia Alexandra Gordillo Guerrero, Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Karla Valentina Rodríguez Muñoz, Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Daniela Lucia Espitia Esquivel, Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Melissa Alejandra Rodríguez Martínez, Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Angie Lizeth Cedano Nova, Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Santiago Martínez Valero, Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Laura Alejandra Méndez Benítez, Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Jaime Nicolás Nieto Aldana, Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Estudiante, Facultad de Medicina. Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud (FUCS). Bogotá DC, Colombia.

Natalia Castillo , Psicóloga con enfoque Perinatal, educadora de padres en disciplina positiva, Profundización y formación continua en Apego y buenos tratos.

Psicóloga con enfoque Perinatal, educadora de padres en disciplina positiva, Profundización y formación continua en Apego y buenos tratos.

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