Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, la detección temprana, el diagnostico, el tratamiento y el seguimiento de la ambliopía en menores de 18 años
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Publicado:
jun. 24, 2017
Palabras clave:
Guía de Práctica Clínica, Ambliopía, tamizaje, diagnóstico, tratamiento.
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Resumen
Objetivo: Generar recomendaciones para la prevención, detección temprana, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de la ambliopía en menores de 18 años con el fin de apoyar al personal de salud en los diferentes servicios encargados de la atención.
Materiales y métodos: Se conformó un grupo interdisciplinario para desarrollar la guía. Se definieron alcance, objetivos, preguntas y desenlaces de la guía. Se realizó una búsqueda de guías sobre manejo de Ambliopía, las guías encontradas fueron calificadas con el Instrumento AGREE II. La Guía de Práctica Clínica (GPC) de Ambliopía de la Asociación Americana de Oftalmología AAO del año 2012 (1) cumplió con los requisitos para realizar adopción del conjunto de evidencia y adaptación de recomendaciones. Con el fin de actualizar la citada guía, se realizó una búsqueda de literatura de revisiones sistemáticas, ensayos clínicos, estudios de cohorte, estudios de casos y controles en las bases de datos MEDLINE, EMBASE y CENTRAL publicados desde un año antes de la fecha de búsquedas realizadas por la Guía de la AAO. Se evaluó la calidad metodológica de los artículos seleccionados. Se elaboraron las tablas de evidencia por medio del software GRADEpro® 3.6 y se generaron las recomendaciones bajo la metodología GRADE.
Resultados: Se formularon recomendaciones para la prevención, detección temprana, diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de la ambliopía en menores de 18 años. Adicionalmente se presentan varias preguntas generales que sirven al lector para contextualizarse en el tema de la GPC pero que no generan recomendaciones.
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Sanchez Vanegas, G., Buitrago García, D. C., Buitrago García, D. C., Moreno, C., Segura, M. M., Fernández Jaramillo, J., … Angulo, S. (2017). Guía de práctica clínica para la prevención, la detección temprana, el diagnostico, el tratamiento y el seguimiento de la ambliopía en menores de 18 años. Pediatría, 50(1). https://doi.org/10.14295/pediatr.v50i1.78
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Citas
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2. DeSantis D. Amblyopia. Pediatric clinics of North America 2014;61(3):505-18
3. Thompson JR, Woodruff G, Hiscox FA, Strong N, Minshull C. The incidence and prevalence of amblyopia detected in childhood. Public Health 1991;105(6):455-62
4. Figueroa LF. Astigmatism, a risk factor for amblyopia. 2004
5. Carrasquilla G, Pulido A, De la Hoz A, Mieth k, Muñoz O, Guerrero R, et al. Guía Metodológica para la elaboración de Guías de Práctica Clínica con Evaluación Económica en el Sistema General de Seguridad Social en Salud Colombiano-Versión completa final. Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá – Centro de Estudios e Investigación en Salud 2014:1-312
6. AGREE, Next, Steps, Consortium. The AGREE II Instrument [Electronic version]. Consultado en marzo de 2014, de http://www.agreetrust.org. 2009
7. Marroquín G. Oftalmología Pediátrica: Guías de Manejo. Asociación Colompiana de Oftalmología Pediátrica y Estrabismo ACOPE. 2006
8. Sjostrand J, Abrahamsson M. Risk factors in amblyopia. Eye (Lond) 1990:(Pt 6):787-93
9. Puertas D, Gimeno A, Ruiz-Falcó M, Torrelo A, Ardila M, Celada M, et al. Hemangiomas gigantes hemifaciales y síndrome phace: alteraciones oculares asociadas. Acta Estrabológica 2000;(XXIX):15-20
10. Pascual M, Huang J, Maguire M, Kulp M, Quinn G, Ciner E, et al. Risk factors for amblyopia in the vision in preschoolers study. Ophthalmology 2014;.121(3):622-9.e1
11. Simons K. Amblyopia characterization, treatment, and prophylaxis. Surv Ophthalmol 2005;50(2):123-66
12. López J, Osandón D, Denk O, Stevenon R, Agurto R, Uauy A, et al. Prevalencia de patología oftalmológica en prematuros menores de un año de edad. Rev chil pediatr 2012;83(6):570-6
13. Ellis G, Frey T, Gouterman R. Myelinated nerve fibers, axial myopia, and refractory amblyopia: an organic disease. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 1987;24(3):111-9
14. Moguel-Ancheita S, Orozco-Gómez L. Disfuncionalidad neuronal y psicomotora como resultado del retraso en el tratamiento de la ambliopía. Cir Cir 2007;75:481-9
15. Yang Q, Wen S, Smith G, Chen Y, Krewski D, Chen X, et al. Maternal cigarette smoking and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension and eclampsia. Int J Epidemiol 2006;35(2):288-93
16. Lan W, Zhao F, Li Z, Zeng J, Liu W, Lu J, et al. Validation and cost-effectiveness of a home-based screening system for amblyopia. Ophthalmology 2012;119(6):1265-71
17. Morales P, Alramadam M, Serrano B, Martínez F. Ambliopía Tabaco Alcohol. Rev Clín Med Fam 2010;3(1):57-60
18. Parra J, García R, Farran M, Cutillas M, March E, Herrero E, et al. Optometría. Manual de exámenes clínicos. Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya Iniciativa Digital Politecnica. 2004
19. Scheiman MM, Hertle RW, Beck RW, Edwards AR, Birch E, Cotter SA, et al. Randomized trial of treatment of amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123(4):437-47
20. AAP, AACO, AAPOS, AAO. Eye examination in infants, children, and young adults by pediatricians. Pediatrics 2003;111(4 Pt 1):902-7
21. Williams C, Northstone K, Harrad RA, Sparrow JM, Harvey I. Amblyopia treatment outcomes after screening before or at age 3 years: follow up from randomised trial. BMJ 2002;324:1-5
22. Eibschitz-Tsimhoni M, Friedman T, Naor J, Eibschitz N, Friedman Z. Early screening for amblyogenic risk factors lowers the prevalence and severity of amblyopia. JAAPOS 2000;4(4):194-9
23. Kvarnström G, Jakobsson P, Lennerstrand G. Visual screening of Swedish children: an ophthalmological evaluation. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2001;79(3):240-4
24. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of atropine vs. patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children. Arch Ophthalmol 2002;120(3):268-78
25. Chou R, Dana T, Bougatsos C. Screening for visual impairment in children ages 1-5 years: systematic review to update the 2004 U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation. Evidence Synthesis No81, AHQR Publication No 11-05151-EF-1. February 2011
26. Høeg T, Moldow B, Ellervik C, Klemp K, Erngaard D, Lacour M, et al. Danish Rural Eye Study: the association of preschool vision screening with the Prevalence of amblyopia. Acta Ophthalmol. 2014:1-8
27. Gupta A, Lal R, Mazta SR, Sharma D, Author A, Department of Community Medicine I, et al. Prevalence of refractive errors, color vision defects and other ocular disorders in school-going children: Primary screening by school teachers. Journal International Medical Sciences Academy 2012;25(4):223-4
28. Group TViPS. Comparison of preschool vision screening tests as administered by licensed eye care professionals in the vision in preschoolers study Ophthalmology 2004;111(4):637-50
29. Williams C, Harrad RA, Harvey I, Sparrow JM, Author A, Dept O, et al. Screening for amblyopia in preschool children: Results of a population-based, randomised controlled trial. Ophthalmic Epidemiology 2001;8(5):279-95
30. Chang CH, Tsai RK, Sheu MM. Screening amblyopia of preschool children with uncorrected vision and stereopsis tests in Eastern Taiwan. Eye (London, England) 2007;21(12):1482-8
31. Ying G-s, Maguire M, Quinn G, Kulp MT, Cyert L, Vision In Preschoolers Study G. ROC analysis of the accuracy of Noncycloplegic retinoscopy, Retinomax Autorefractor, and SureSight Vision Screener for preschool vision screening. Investigative ophthalmology & visual science 2011;52(13):9658-64
32. Cooper CD, Gole GA, Hall JE, Colville DJ, Carden SM, Bowling FG. Evaluating photoscreeners II: MTI and fortune videorefractor. Australian and New Zealand journal of ophthalmology 1999;27(6):387-98
33. Mohan K, Saroha V, Sharma A. Successful Occlusion Therapy for Amblyopia in 11- to 15-Year-Old Children. J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus 2004;41(2):89-95
34. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Effect of age on response to amblyopia treatment in children. Arch Ophthalmol 2011;129(11):1451-7
35. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Interventions for unilateral and bilateral refractive amblyopia. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD005137.pub3/abstract
36. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Treatment of Anisometropic Amblyopia in Children with Refractive Correction. Ophthalmology 2006;113(6):895-903
37. Chen P, Chen J, Tai M, Fu J, Chang C, Lu D. Anisometropic amblyopia treated with spectacle correction alone: possible factors predicting success and time to start patching. Am J Ophthalmol 2007;143(1):54-60
38. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A Comparison of Atropine and Patching Treatments for Moderate Amblyopia by Patient Age, Cause of Amblyopia, Depth of Amblyopia, and Other Factors. Ophthalmology. 2003;110:1632-8
39. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Two-year follow-up of a 6-month randomized trial of atropine vs patching for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children. Arch Ophthalmol 2005;123:149-57
40. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A randomized trial of patching regimens for treatment of moderate amblyopia in children. Arch Ophthalmol 2003;121:603-11
41. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A Randomized Trial of Atropine Regimens for Treatment of Moderate Amblyopia in Children. Ophthalmology 2004;111:2076-85
42. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. The course of moderate amblyopia treated whith atropine in children: experience of the amblyopia treatment study. Am J Ophthalmol 2003;136(630-639)
43. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A Randomized Trial of Atropine versus Patching for Treatment of Moderate Amblyopia: Follow-up at 10 Years of Age. Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126(8):1039-44
44. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. A prospective pilot study of treatment of amblyopia in children 10 to <18 years old. Am J Ophthalmol 2004;137:581-3
45. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Stability of Visual Acuity Improvement Following discontinuation of Amblyopia Treatment in Children 7 to 12 Years Old. Arch Ophthalmol 2007;125(5):655-9
46. Pediatric Eye Disease Investigator Group. Patching vs atropine to treat amblyopia in children aged 7 to 17 years: a randomized trial. Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:1634-42
47. Repka M, Gallin P, Scholz R, Guyton D. Determination of optical penalization by vectographic fixation reversal. Ophthalmology 1985;92:1584-6
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