Caracterización de niños y adolescentes con trastornos del espectro autista en Barranquilla, Colombia
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Abstract
Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders constitute a group of neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by dysfunction of two domains, as defined by DSM V: 1) Alteration of communication and social interaction and 2) Presence of restricted behaviors, interests or activities or repetitive actions. The prevalence is on the rise worldwide, with a current frequency of 200 per 10 000 children. There is no established prevalence in Colombia, according to the Colombian Autism League. The incidence rate is on the rise, unclear if the increase is related to changes in the diagnostic criteria, the study methodology, an actual increase in the incidence of autism, or a combination of these factors. Objective: to characterize a group of patients with autism spectrum disorder and to recognize socio-environmental changes related to the population described. Methods: A descriptive observational study. Patients between 1 and 18 years of age, clinically diagnosed by neurology and child psychiatry, with autism spectrum disorder, between 2011 and 2017, in a reference center for pediatric neurological rehabilitation. Results: Data were obtained from 253 patients with autism spectrum disorders, with a mean age of symptom onset of 22.4 months (SD = 9.72) and an age at diagnosis of 43.2 months. The most frequent autism spectrum disorder was grade 1 or mild (39.5 %), the most common symptom being motor stereotypies (78.3 %), followed by interaction and social communication deficit (75.5 %). Conclusion: the importance of early recognition of clinical manifestations changes the opportunity for diagnosis and early initiation of treatment.
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