Cranioencephalic Trauma in Pediatrics: The importance of the approach and categorization of the pediatric patient

Main Article Content

William Javier Morales Camacho
Jessica Estefania Plata Ortiz
Sandra Plata Ortiz
Andrés Camilo Macías Celis
Yozsef Cárdenas Guerrero
Laura Ximena Nocua Alarcónc
Ingrid Tatiana Pedrozo Díaz
Ana Milena Noguera

Abstract

ABSTRACT


Cranioencephalic trauma in children continues to be a serious public health problem worldwide, being the leading cause of death and permanent disability in pediatrics. Carrying out an adequate classification or categorization process to determine its severity and establish the need for complementary studies (computed tomography) and establish an opportune medical treatment in an individualized way are some of the priorities for the health professional in the approach of the pediatric patient with cranioencephalic trauma. The clinical manifestations of this entity vary according to the age group. Within the etiology, accidental falls occupy the first place in frequency in infants and preschoolers, while traffic accidents as a passenger or pedestrian are the first cause of TBI in older children (adolescents). There is an urgent need to evaluate, according to the clinical and social context of the patient, the presence of non-accidental trauma and child abuse due to its negative impact on the vital and neurological prognosis of the pediatric patient. With regard to treatment should be aimed at preventing secondary brain damage by the mechanisms of hypoxia, cerebral hypoperfusion, intracranial hypertension and hyperthermia responsible for temporary or permanent neurological sequelae thereof.


 


Keywords: Craniocerebral Trauma, Mortality; Disabled Children; Pediatric Emergency Medicine.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Morales Camacho, W. J., Plata Ortiz, . J. E., Plata Ortiz, S. ., Macías Celis, A. C., Cárdenas Guerrero, Y., Nocua Alarcónc, L. X., … Noguera, A. M. (2020). Cranioencephalic Trauma in Pediatrics: The importance of the approach and categorization of the pediatric patient. Pediatría, 52(3), 85–93. https://doi.org/10.14295/p.v52i3.121
Section
Review topics

References

Fundaró C, Caldarelli M, Monaco S, Cota F, Giorgio V, Et al. Brain CT scan for pediatric minor accidental head injury. An Italian experience and review of literature. Childs Nerv Syst. 2012; 28:1063-1068.

Berger RP, Adelson PD. Evaluation and Management of Pediatric Head Trauma in the Emergency Department: Current Concepts and State-of-the-Art Research. Clin Ped Emerg Med. 2005; 6:8-15.

Thurman DJ, Sniezek JE, Jonson D, Greenspan A, Smith SM. Guidelines for surveillance of central nervous system injury. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Public Health Service. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention and Control. Atlanta, Georgia; 1995.

Borg J, Holm L, Cassidy JD, Peloso PM, Carroll LJ, Et. al. Diagnostic procedures in mild traumatic brain injury: results of the WHO Collaborating Centre Task Force on Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Rehabil Med. 2004; 43 Suppl: 61-75.

Lozano Losada A. Trauma craneoencefálico aspectos epidemiológicos y fisiopatológicos. revista facultad de salud Universidad Surcolombiana. 2009; 1: 63-76.

Hamilton NA, Keller MS. Mild traumatic brain injury in children. Seminars in Pediatric Surgery. 2010; 19: 271-78.

Enrione MA. Current concepts in the acute management of severe pediatric head trauma. Clinical Pediatric Emergency Medicine. 2001; 2: 28-40.

Blackwood BP, Bean JF, Sadecki-Lund C, Helenowski IB, Kabre R, Hunter CJ. Observation for isolated traumatic skull fractures in the pediatric population: unnecessary and costly. J Pediatr Surg. 2016; 51(4):654-8.

Moreno Lozada SL. Comportamiento de muertes y lesiones accidentales, Colombia, 2013. Disponible en http://www.medicinalegal.gov.co/documents/20143/49517/Muertes+y+lesiones+accidentales.pdf.

Arango Soto D, Quevedo Vélez A, Montes Gallo A, Cornejo Ochoa W. Epidemiología del trauma encefalocraneano (TEC) en 90 lactantes mayores y preescolares atendidos en un servicio de urgencias pediátricas de tercer nivel, en Medellín, Colombia. IATREIA. 2008; 21(3): 271-279.

Adelson PD, Bratton SL, Carney NA, et al. Guidelines for the acute medical management of severe traumatic brain injury in infants, children, and adolescents: Chapter 4. Resuscitation of blood pressure and oxygenation and prehospital brain-specific therapies for the severe pediatric traumatic brain injury patient. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2003; 4:S1228.

Shein SL, Bell MJ, Kochanek PM, Tyler-Kabara EC, Wisniewski SR, Feldman K, Et al. Risk factors for mortality in children with abusive head trauma. J Pediatr. 2012;161(4):716-722.

E. Pérez Suárez, A. Serrano, J. Casado Flores. Traumatismo craneoencefálico en la edad pediátrica. Revista Española de Pediatría. 2010; 66: 60-72.

Manrique Martínez I, Alcalá Minagorre PJ. Manejo del Traumatismo craneal pediátrico. Protocolos diagnósticosterapéuticos de Urgencias Pediátricas. SEUP-AEP. 2010.

Moscote-Salazar LR, Rubiano AM, Alvis-Miranda HR, CalderonMiranda W, Alcala-Cerra G, Blancas Rivera MA, Et al. Severe Cranioencephalic Trauma: Prehospital Care, Surgical Management and Multimodal Monitoring. Bull Emerg Trauma. 2016; 4(1): 8–23.

Farrell CA, Canadian Paediatric Society, Acute Care Committee. Management of the paediatric patient with acute head trauma. Paediatr Child Health. 2013;18(5):253-8.

Guilliams K, Wainwright MS. Pathophysiology and Management of Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Children. J Child Neurol. 2016; 31(1):35-45.

Ozturk H, Yagmur Y, Ozturk H. The prognostic importance of serum IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha levels compared to trauma scoring systems for early mortality in children with blunt trauma. Pediatr Surg Int. 2008; 24(2):235-9.

Beaudin M, Saint-Vil D, Ouimet A, Mercier C, Crevier L. Clinical algorithm and resource use in the management of children with minor head trauma. J Pediatr Surg. 2007;42(5):849-52.

Pascual Pascual SI. Protocolos Diagnóstico Terapéuticos de la AEP: Neurología Pediátrica. Síndrome de Guillain-Barré, Asociación Española de Pediatría, Madrid, Spain. 2008.

TG L, CE W. Pathophysiology and management of increased intracranial pressure in children. In: AANS PR, editor. Pediatric neurosurgical intensive care. 2a ed: Andrews BT, Hammer GB; 1997. p. 37-57.

Martínez Parada Y, Lince Varela R, Quevedo Vélez A, Duque Martelo JI. El niño en estado crítico. 2a ed 2011. 824 p.

Lumba-Brown A, Pineda J. Evidence-based assessment of severe pediatric traumatic brain injury and emergent neurocritical care. Semin Pediatr Neurol. 2014;21(4):275-83.

Cicero MX, Cross KP. Predictive value of initial Glasgow coma scale score in pediatric trauma patients. Pediatr Emerg Care. 2013;29(1):43-8.

Lyttle MD, Crowe L, Oakley E, Dunning J, Babl FE. Comparing CATCH, CHALICE and PECARN clinical decision rules for paediatric head injuries. Emerg Med J. 2012;29(10):785-94.

Nishijima DK, Yang Z, Urbich M, Holmes JF, Zwienenberg-Lee M, Melnikow J, et al. Cost-effectiveness of the PECARN rules in children with minor head trauma. Ann Emerg Med. 2015;65(1):72-80.e6.

Matich SM. Just Pediatrics: Pediatric Minor Head Injury, Computed Tomography Imaging, and Evidence-Based Practice in Emergency Departments. Journal of Radiology Nursing. 2016; 35(2): 156-158.

Kemp A, Nickerson E, Trefan L, Houston R, Hyde P, Pearson G, Et al. Selecting children for head CT following head injury. Arch Dis Child. 2016;0:1–6.

Rivara F, Tanaguchi D, Parish RA, Stimac GK, Mueller B. Poor prediction of positive computed tomographic scans by clinical criteria in symptomatic pediatric head trauma. Pediatrics. 1987;80(4):579-84.

Swanson JO, Vavilala MS, Wang J, Pruthi S, Fink J, Jaffe KM, Et al. Association of initial CT findings with quality-of-life outcomes for traumatic brain injury in children. Pediatr Radiol. 2012; 42:974–981.

Stanley RM, Hoyle JD Jr, Dayan PS, Atabaki S, Lee L, Lillis K, Et al. Emergency department practice variation in computed tomography use for children with minor blunt head trauma. J Pediatr. 2014;165(6):1201-1206.

Shah NB, Platt SL. ALARA: is there a cause for alarm? Reducing radiation risks from computed tomography scanning in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2008; 20(3):243-7.

Ron E. Ionizing radiation and cancer risk: evidence from epidemiology. Pediatr Radiol. 2002; 32:232–237.

Aquino C, Woolen S, Steenburg SD. Magnetic resonance imaging of traumatic brain injury: a pictorial review. Emerg Radiol. 2015; 22(1):65-78.

Schnadower D, Vazquez H, Lee J, Dayan P, Roskind CG. Controversies in the evaluation and management of minor blunt head trauma in children. Curr Opin Pediatr. 2007;19(3):258-64.

Oris C, Pereira B, Durif J, Simon-Pimmel J, Castellani C, Manzano S, et al. The Biomarker S100B and Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Meta-analysis. Pediatrics. 2018; 141(6):e20180037.

Davis RL, Hughes M, Gubler KD, Waller PL, Rivara FP. The use of cranial CT scans in the triage of pediatric patients with mild head injury. Pediatrics. 1995; 95(3):345-9.

Sociedad Española de Urgencias de Pediatría. TRAUMATISMO CRANEOENCEFÁLICO. Disponible en https://seup.org/pdfpublic/hojas_padres/tce.pdf.

Mtaweh H, Bell MJ. Management of pediatric traumatic brain injury. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2015;17(5):348.

Similar Articles

<< < 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.